Provenance: Alan Miller

This small desk, 36 in.
wide, “dating from the mid-to-later 1730s…
is the earliest, surviving Boston blockfront slant-lid
desk” according to Alan Miller, who is one of
the finest scholars of American furniture, and has
researched this piece, and whose lengthy analysis
is herewith included:

Alan Miller

Antique Furniture Consultant

Representation at auction
brokering, authentication,
research, and restoration

2315 Township Road

Quakertown, PA 18951

610 346 8938 fax 610 346 9259

 

January 11, 2005

 

A red cedar Boston block-front desk owned by Jonathan Trace

 

This small desk was produced by the
shop discussed in my article Roman Gusto
in New England: An Eighteenth Century Boston. Furniture Designer and his Shop,
published in the 1993 Chipstone Journal, American
Furniture, edited by Luke Beckerdite. This shop was the premier carriage
trade furniture enterprise in Boston at the time and was also the most
important proponent of the avant-garde of Palladian classicism and the Georgian
style in that city. A member of the earliest group of case furniture with
blocked drawers made in Boston, almost certainly dating from the mid to later
1730’s.  It is entirely possible that
this is the earliest surviving Boston block-front slant lid desk.  A slightly later–in that the bracket foot design
has progressed–walnut desk from this same shop is dated 1739 (figure 6 in
Roman Gusto and Lot 1349 The Jacob Paxon
Temple Collection Quarterly American Furniture, Anderson Galleries, 1922).  The famous Coit desk-and-bookcase at
Winterthur, dated 1738, is a poorly executed knock-off of the work of the shop
which produced this desk~ which quite rensonably pre-dates both dated examples.
Its original early chased brasses and first-generation straight bracket
feet-matching those of the Milwaukee Art Museum desk-and-bookcase (ibid.
figures 1,2,3, and 4a)–·establish its early position the shop’s output.

In 1993, I
speculated that William Price was a likely candidate as the designer whose
ideas propelled this shop, and I still feel this is likely. Since the Roman
Gusto article was published, the Levy Gallery discovered an elaborate walnut
desk very like the Jacob Paxon Temple example mentioned above, with an
inscription. “Made by Robert Walker …. bound to the above of this same
town and country.”  Thus, Mr. Walker
obviously worked in this shop, as did George Glinn, whose name appears on the
label of the clock now at the Art Institute of Chicago (ibid. figures 27-30).
In Brock Jobe’s essay, The Boston
Furniture lndustry 1720-1740, compiled in Boston Furniture of the Eighteenth Century, 1974, The Colonial
Society of Massachusetts, he writes. “On June 15, 17381 John Mudge billed
his employer L3:3:0 for a “Larg Sedor desk with a star and scolup dros, no well
rume, Lap heeded and pilor dros.”  While
Mudge’s desk had a familiar inlaid star, it was not a block-front.

Red cedar was not a cheap
alternative to hardwoods in colonial Boston. It was an imported exotic and had
been since the seventeenth century. Its insect and rot resistant qualities made
it desirable for furniture exported to the tropics and its wonderful aroma
thought to promote health, creamy smooth texture, pink color, and association
with the Biblical Cedar of Lebanon made it generally prized. In John Evelyn’s
1663-1664 British book, SYLVA. Or A Discourse of FOREST TREES, and the
Propagation of Timber In His MAJESTIES Domains, he laments “The Cedar?
Which grows in all extreams: In the moist Barbados;
the hot Bermudas, the cold New England … and we might have of the
very best kind in the World from the Summer lslands, though now almost
utterly exhausted there also, and so the most incomparable of that sacred wood
like to be quite destroy ‘d by our Negligence, which is by nature almost eternal.” Evelyn was expressing the
opinion of his time that cedar wood had a virtue or blessing which rendered it
impervious to corruption.  The newly
discovered 1772 Philadelphia book, Prices of Cabinet and Chairwork, owned by
the Philadelphia Museum of Art, mentions at more than one instance, “red
cedar (costs) the same as mahogany.”  Clearly red cedar had quite a cache.  It was one of the two primary woods of the
renowned Milwaukee Art Museum desk and bookcase mentioned above, as it comprised
the elaborate interiors of both desk and bookcase. In the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries, ‘cedar’ apparently meant an aromatic wood. The cedar name
was applied to Havana cedar (Cedrela odorata), white cedar (Chamaecyparis
thyoides), and red cedar (Juniperus sp.), as well as the true cedars (Cedrus
sp.) like cedar of Lebanon (c. libani), which is only faintly aromatic. This
red cedar botanically is Juniperus sp. Microanalysis cannot determine
differences between the three New World species used in commerce: virginiana,
the scrubby northern juniper of the Mid-Atlantic and southern New England: silicicola,
from the coastal southeast of the United States; and bermudiana from the
Caribbean. However, the clear nature of the timber used in this desk, free of
bark and sapwood intrusions and pin knots, clearly indicates either Juniperus silicicoia or hermudia. This desk, except for some minor white pine glue blocks,
is made entirely of red cedar, both its primary and secondary components. The
virtue and fragrance of the cedar permeated all its drawers and compartments.

All of the desk’s brasses are original
except for the prospect door escutcheon, which was restored so that the pins
which fasten it to the door occupy the holes made by the original fasteners.
What is unusual about the imported British chased handle and escutcheon plates
is their remarkably high quality. This brass is not of the export grade
encountered in colonial American work; it is of a standard typically
encountered only on London or courtly British furniture.  Imported hardware of this quality clearly
speaks of the high concept of this desk.  The drawer and prospect door locks are
original.  The lid lock is the period lock
but not the lid’s first.  The prospect door
and lid hinges are original.  The iron
keys are replacements.

While the interior of this desk,
with straight fronted small drawers and a plain prospect door, is more simple
than the other examples illustrated, this desk can’t be considered an economy
model in the general framework of Boston furniture manufacture. Its interior is
simplified, but compensates with four document drawers.  It is a blocked facade is as carefully
executed as that of any product of this shop.  The small lid supports which do not intrude on
the top drawer, the sliding dovetails joining the top drawer sides to the
front, the scheme of the blocking and base molding construction, the foot
construction and blocking, and all other construction and design details are entirely
in common with the other furniture produced by this trend setting shop.

ALAN MILLER

It is interesting that
red cedar was as valuable as mahogany and considered
an exotic wood. The quality of this cedar, as you
can see, is clear with deep color. The interior is
also quite exceptional, with four columnar document
drawers, the central two which combine with the prospect
door making a pull-out compartment. This is a “full interior”
with functional valances (pencil drawers)…something
usually found in Newport desks. As Alan Miller notes,
it is quite exceptional, having most of its original
brasses and of the finest English import quality.

Height:42
in. Width: 36 in. Depth: 22 in.